Hakkin Neman Mafaka

Hakkin Neman Mafaka

Iri	Haƙƙoƙi

Hakkin neman mafaka, (Wani lokaci ana kiranshi da 'yancin mafakar siyasa ; daga tsohuwar kalmar Girka ἄσυλον) tsohuwar magana ce ta shari'a, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa wani mutum zai tsanantama wata ƙasa, kamar wata ƙasa ko wuri mai tsarki, wanda a zamanin da zai iya ba da wuri mai tsarki. Wannan haƙƙin ya sami amincewa daga Masarawa, Helenawa, da Ibraniyawa, waɗanda daga garesu aka karɓe su zuwa al'adun yammacin turai. René Descartes ya tsere zuwa Netherlands, Voltaire zuwa Ingila, da Thomas Hobbes zuwa Faransa, saboda kowace ƙasa tana ba da kariya ga baƙi da aka tsananta.

Masarawa, Helenawa, da Ibraniyawa wasu Masana kenan sun amince da ''haƙƙin mafaka" na addini, shi ne kiyaye masu laifi (ko waɗanda ake tuhuma da aikata laifi) daga ɗaukan matakin doka har zuwa wani lokaci. Daga baya wannan cocin kirista da aka kafa ya amince da wannan ƙa'idar, kuma aka samar da dokoki daban-daban waɗanda ke bayani dalla-dalla kan yadda za a cancanci kariya da kuma wane irin kariyar da mutum zai samu.

Majalisar Orleans ta yanke shawara a cikin 511, a gaban Clovis I, cewa za'a iya ba da mafaka ga duk wanda ya nemi mafaka a coci ko dukiyar coci, ko a gidan bishop. An ba da wannan kariya ga masu kisan kai, ɓarayi da mazinata duka wato mabiya addinin kirista kenan.

Cewa "Kowa na da 'yancin ya nema kuma ya boye a cikin wasu ƙasashe na neman mafaka daga zalunci" an sanya shi a cikin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya game da' Yancin Dan Adam na shekarata 1948 kuma an goyi bayan Yarjejeniyar 1951 dangane da Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniyar shekarar 1967 dangane da Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan yarjeniyoyin, dan gudun hijirar mutum ne da ke wajen ƙasar ta mutum saboda tsoron fitina kan dalilan kariya, da suka hada da kabila, jinsi, dan kasa, addini, ra'ayin siyasa da kuma shiga cikin kowane irin rukunin zamantakewar jama'a ko ayyukan zamantakewa.